The 10 times table is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120.
The 10s are the easiest table to recall, but they are worth doing properly because they are the base for so many other strategies: the 5s are half of the 10s, the 9s are the 10s minus one group, and the 12s are the 10s plus two groups. A child who is fast with the 10s has a shortcut into almost every other table.
Play: the 10 times table
When you multiply a whole number by 10, each digit moves one place to the left and a zero fills the ones place: 10 × 7 = 70, 10 × 12 = 120. Kids often hear "just add a zero", which works for whole numbers. Explaining that the 7 moved from the ones place to the tens place will help later, when they meet decimals.
Each dime is 10 cents. "How much are 8 dimes?" is 10 × 8 = 80 cents. Counting real coins makes the 10s concrete and gives a quick win.
Once 10s are solid, show your child how to build from them: 5 × 8 is half of 10 × 8 (40), 9 × 8 is 10 × 8 minus 8 (72), and 11 × 8 is 10 × 8 plus 8 (88).
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10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120: the answers to 10 × 1 through 10 × 12.
For whole numbers, the answer is the number with a zero on the end, because each digit moves one place to the left. 10 × 9 = 90.
10 × 12 = 120.
Multiplying by 10 makes every digit worth ten times more, so each digit moves one place left and a zero holds the ones place.
It is a building block for other tables. The 5s, 9s, 11s and 12s can all be worked out from the 10s.